Computers in Sports free essay sample

PCs in Games and Sports Practically everyone has played games computer games on a PC. It’s enjoyable to pick a group and perceive how well you can play against a â€Å"virtual† rival. In any case, the utilizations for PCs in different games and sports go a long ways past computer games. On the off chance that you ask a cricket bowler how he tosses a ball, he will be unable to let you know. He may state it’s just â€Å"instinct. † It’s something that falls into place without any issues for him. The truth of the matter is that there are approaches to assist bowlers with turning out to be better bowlers and batsmen become better hitters.And PCs are significant in getting this going. Cricket players from the significant groups down to city and school groups would now be able to have their batting and pitching investigated. To begin with, the player’s developments are recorded. At that point, these recorded pictures are moved into a PC. Uncommon application programming examines the pictures. It quantifies the specific point at which the player is holding his arms and legs. The speed and proficiency of each body development is estimated. This procedure is called movement investigation. One pitch can be contrasted and another.This can be valuable in light of the fact that the bowler can perceive how changes in development influence the outcome, (for example, how quick a ball voyages). A few frameworks can even quantify pitching and hitting movements during a real game. This permits mentors to give quick input to players. These PC applications likewise can be utilized to look at the developments of two unique players. These examinations, for instance, can help clarify why various players will in general hit the ball in various ways. There are likewise PC applications that assist mentors with monitoring precisely where each ball crosses the pitch.A radar firearm can be joined to the PC to gauge a pitch’s speed. This data is put away in the PC with the goal that the bowler and mentor can contemplate it later. While movement examination applications are significant instruments, it despite everything takes a decent mentor to realize how to decipher the outcomes. The mentor must glance at the data the application gives and afterward use it to enable the player to improve. Everyone knows how significant measurements (or details) are in sports. What number of games has your preferred batsman played for the current year? Which player on the Kolkata Knight Riders has the best batting average?The amount of measurements utilized in sports is gigantic. Without PCs, it would be hard to stay up with the latest. Not exclusively are there group measurements, however there are additionally insights on every individual player. For instance, measurements on an individual cricket player may incorporate occasions at bat, batting normal, and number of runs scored b him. Spreadsheet applications are regularly used to monitor measurements. Spreadsheet applications are PC programs that can store and control numbers. For instance, they can locate the normal of a rundown of twenty numbers. Indeed, even little class groups frequently use spreadsheet applications to monitor player measurements. Setting off to a cricket arena is practically similar to heading off to the carnival. There are wieners, popcorn, and a scoreboard complete with a colossal TV-like screen. Arenas, for example, the Eden Gardens Kolkata, have complex scoreboards. The new scoreboard is 56 feet tall and 180 feet wide. It incorporates a monster screen to add to the energy. The most popular kind of goliath screen is the Sony Jumbotron. The photos on these screens move from the players to the crowd.They show depiction of the team’s mascot. They may show the words to â€Å"Time Is Up† with the goal that everyone can participate in the singing. These scoreboards and goliath screens are constrained by a whole gathering of PCs. Every PC supplies the scoreboard with various data. One PC may monitor insights on specific players, while another might contain business notices. These monster screens can even be utilized for instructive purposes. In 2000, the University of Tennessee’s games and material science offices consolidated to make a gathering of 60-second videos.These recordings were appeared on the school’s Jumbotron during home games. The motivation behind the recordings was to show fans the study of football. This was a pleasant method to combine sports and instruction. Competitors who rely upon speed to win will persevere relentlessly to diminish their occasions. Some Olympic swimmers wear full-body â€Å"skinsuits† so they can skim through the water all the more without any problem. Thus, it shouldn’t be an amazement to hear that they use PC applications to improve their rates. At the U. S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado, mentors utilize a PC application to create immaculate swimming strokes.This reenactment programming endeavors to duplicate the manner in which water streams around parts of the swimmer’s body, for example, the arms and hands. The swimmer’s objective is to travel through the water as easily as could reasonably be expected. Water disturbance can back a swimmer off. The application permits the client to change the places of the swimmer’s hands and arms. The client would then be able to perceive how these progressions influence the measure of water disturbance. This data is utilized to plan the best swimming stroke. Mentors would then be able to instruct swimmers to utilize this stroke to acquire their most noteworthy speed. Reenactment programming has likewise been utilized to configuration hustling yachts.It can help in deciding how to shape the yacht’s body so it travels through the water with minimal measure of obstruction. PCs have numerous different uses at the Olympics. At the 2010 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, small PC chips were utilized to follow skiers. A chip was lashed to each skier’s lower leg. Electronic gadgets were covered in the snow along the track. At the point when a skier ignored one of the gadgets, his or his chip sent data to the gadget. This data incorporated the skier’s area, speed, and number. This data was sent to a focal PC. Judges and other Olympic authorities could then gander at it.Do you need to know whether the Kolkata Knight Riders have a home game on July 14? Or on the other hand who the Sri Lanka is playing next Wednesday? Simply go to their Web website. Expert, school, and even some secondary school sports groups have their own WEB SITES. The data accessible on sports teams’ Web destinations is astonishing. Some of it incorporates: †¢ Schedules. Game dates and areas are accessible. †¢ Statistics. Authorized data on groups and individual players is prepared at whatever point you need it. †¢ Team News. Sites contain mentor and player interviews, data on wounds, etc.

Evolution: Fact or Fiction? :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Development: Fact or Fiction? Probably the best inquiry ever is: The place the hell did we originate from? One of the most mainstream answers to this inquiry is creationism, the possibility that everything was made by a higher being. Another thought is advancement, the possibility that every single living being plummeted from a less intricate creature. Exceptional in the only remaining century, development has another perspective that is by and large significantly acknowledged by established researchers. Notwithstanding this reality numerous individuals contend that advancement has no realities to help it and there are a few reasons why development can't occur. Development is the continuous change in a living beings genetic stock after some time, fundamentally advancement is portrayed in any adjustment in the hereditary cosmetics of a life form. The most straightforward approach to show this is by expressing instances of low level advancement as it has been watched. The best know instance of this sort occurred in England during the mechanical development. There were two assortments of the English Peppered moth before the upset, a light and a dull hued moth. The dull moth was practically nonexistent, as it was simple for predators to get on the light shaded trees. As the modern upheaval advanced, the measure of contamination noticeable all around turned the trees a sediment shading, and subsequently the light moths were simple for predators to spot. The light hued peppered moth everything except ceased to exist, and was nearly elimination while the dull shaded moth was flourishing. Over the most recent a very long while the contamination in England has dropped and white moth is making a return, and the dim moth is going back towards obscurity. (Harter) Â The moth model is considered by numerous individuals to exhibit advancement, however individuals against the possibility of development state it isn't. The main thing that it demonstrated was that nature utilizes characteristic choice to get rid of the more fragile of the stocks. The moth case is an away from of regular choice not development on the grounds that no adjustment in the genetic stock of the moth occurred. Saying that the peppered moth model doesn't show development is ludicrous. Characteristic choice is perhaps the best apparatus of development, as expressed by Charles Darwin in his book, Origin of Species. It might be said that characteristic choice is day by day and hourly investigating, all through the world, each variety, even the smallest; dismissing what is awful, protecting and including all that is acceptable composed Charles Darwin in part 4:Natural Selection.

Critical Review of the pathogenicity of measles, the symptoms associated with the infection and how to prevent the potentially fatal disease. The WritePass Journal

Basic Review of the pathogenicity of measles, the manifestations related with the contamination and how to forestall the possibly deadly ailment. Presentation Basic Review of the pathogenicity of measles, the indications related with the contamination and how to forestall the conceivably lethal malady. IntroductionInfection and Spread SymptomsVaccinesConclusionRelated Presentation Measles is an infectious human illness that for the most part influences youngsters. The measles infection (MV) that causes this foundational disease is a solitary abandoned ribonucleic corrosive infection having a place with the class Morbillivirus in the Paramyxovirus family.(2,3) As transmission is by means of air beads, inception of the contamination happens in the respiratory tract, and spreads to different organs. MV influences the safe framework prompting a drawn out condition of insusceptible concealment which can bring about a few inconveniences including the respiratory tract and the cerebrum for example encephalitis.â Inoculation utilizing a live constricted immunization is the primary safeguard of the infection.â In 2000, the instances of contamination of measles in Europe was uncommon because of immunization, anyway in 2008 there was an aggregate of 7,822 (5) with Switzerland having the most elevated rate in Europe. (6) Measles are expanding in Ireland, with 320 cases revealed inside 8 months in 2009. (7) The goal of this task it to survey the pathogenicity of measles, the side effects related with the contamination and how to forestall this irresistible and possibly deadly illness. Contamination and Spread Contamination is started in the respiratory tract. (8) The infection would then be able to spread to the nearby auxiliary lymphoid tissues by means of dendritic cells of the lungs or the alveolar macrophages. (8) From here it can venture out to the fringe blood and spread through epithelial and endothelial cells to various organs. Research has recommended that in the later phases of the disease, the infection taints the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract encouraging in the spread of the infection. (9)â But how does the infection attack its host? MV is a non †fragmented negative sense strand encompassed RNA infection that encodes 8 proteins: 6 basic proteins and 2 non-basic proteins. (8) The initial 3 auxiliary proteins are joined inside the RNA. The (N) nucleoprotein ensures the genomic RNA by shaping the ribonucleocapsid. The phosphoprotein (P) and enormous polymerase protein (L) are engaged with viral replication. (4, 8) The non-auxiliary proteins C and V are liable for the guideline of viral disease by interfacing with cell proteins. (11) The F and H glycoproteins found on the outside of the infection envelope, are liable for the commencement of disease to defenseless host cells. These transmembrane proteins permit the infection to meld with the host cell, infiltration of the infection into the host cell and haemolysis. (4) The F protein encourages the spread of the infection from one cell to the next by instigating cell combination. (4) Transcription happens inside the cell to make progressively negative sense RNA for get together of new maturing infections (see figure 1). (10) The lattice M protein is a non-glycosylated protein found in the inward lipid bilayer of the envelope. Its capacity is to associate the ribonucleoprotein complex to the envelope glycoproteins during viral get together. (8) The H protein of the infection surface is answerable for receptor official. CD46 was the principal recognized receptor for MV and is available on completely nucleated cells. (8)â It was later found that the flagging lymphocyte enactment atom (SLAM) otherwise called CD150 has additionally been recognized as receptor for MV. (3, 8) In actuality the receptor authoritative of CD46 is by all accounts restricted to constricted immunization strains as opposed to the wild sort which appears to have better proclivity for the CD 150 receptor. CD150 is communicated on numerous resistant cells including lymphocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages and is an individual from the CD2 subset of the Ig superfamily. (3, 8) The structure of H protein of MV is all around archived comprising of a globular head bunch made out of 6 enemy of equal B sheets. These are settled by two intra-monomeric disulphide securities and somewhat secured with N-connected starches. (12) The coupling areas for CD 46 and CD 150 (SLAM) are discovered neighboring each other. (3) It has been generally recorded that CD150 is the underlying receptor focused by the H protein of the infection however little is known on the receptors engaged with the contamination of epithelial cells as these cells don't communicate CD150. (3)â Tahara et al have come about that â€Å"MV can taint both energized epithelial and resistant cells utilizing particular receptor †restricting destinations on the H protein†. (3) His investigation utilized a CD150 negative human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (NCI-H358) to taint with the MV. The nearness of the H protein was apparent utilizing monoclonal antibodies and recommending that the H protein more likely than not been utilizing an alternate receptor restricting site to contaminate the cells. (3) The pathogenesis of MV, starts an insusceptible reaction. It triggers a cell-interceded safe reaction which includes the actuation of TH1 and arrival of interferon ÃŽ ± and interleukin 2 (IL-2). (13) In the later piece of the contamination an immunizer intervened reaction gives long haul security against future diseases. TH2 lymphocytes are created just as IL-4 which favors the acceptance of a humoral reaction which is significant for long life security against re-contamination. (8, 13) However MV can command the resistant framework and use it furthering its potential benefit. The concealment of the resistant framework brings about optional bacterial and viral contamination which credits to the quantity of fatalities related with Measles disease. Greenery et al proposed that there are numerous systems that create to invulnerable concealment following a MV disease. (14) These include: Lymphocyte Apoptosis Disabled Lymphoproliferation Immunomodulatory Cytokines (Increased IL-10 and IL-4) IL-12 down guideline Disabled Antigen Presentation of Dendritic cells One of the clinical appearances of MV is lymphopenia. This might be because of the decrease of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Expanded surface articulation of Fas (CD95) during intense measles recommends that unaffected T lymphocytes experience apoptosis. (14) Abnormalities in the lymphocyte work are found during and after MV disease. The infection restrains IL-2 ward T lymphocyte endurance and expansion. This is in light of a disabled protein kinase B initiation brought about by the H and F proteins of the infection. (14) In the intense period of disease a T partner Type 1 (TH1) reaction is initiated which movements to T assistant sort 2 (TH2) in the later phase of contamination which represents viral freedom and improvement of antibodies individually. (8) The expanded creation of cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 in the TH2 reaction might be another instrument for viral prompted immunosuppression. IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine which down-directs the union of cytokines and smothers T cell multiplication and macrophage enactment. (15) This forestalls macrophage initiation and TH 1 reaction to new contaminations. (8) As recently referenced CD 46 is found on numerous safe cells including monocytes. Subsequently IL-12 created by monocytes is downregulated. (16) IL-12 is basic for TH1 safe reaction. (15) The decrease underway of IL-12 favors TH2 and smothers TH1 resistance. (17) Dendritic cells assume a basic job in the introduction of antigen to naã ¯ve T lymphocytes. MV contamination advances development of dendritic cells yet additionally modifies its capacity (18) and intervenes Fas initiated apoptosis. It is currently settled that the non-basic protein C and V delivered by the P quality assumes a job in immunosuppression by meddling with interferon ÃŽ ±/ÃŽ ² flagging pathways. (8)â These proteins of the MV hinders phosphorylation of STAT 1 and STAT 2 which are interpretation factors engaged with the Interferon pathway. (14)  Symptoms Clinical side effects related with measles incorporate a fever and rash yet a hack, coryza or conjunctivitis can likewise be seen. (9) It is following 10-14 days of contamination that this trademark rash is available and is by all accounts due to the individuals’ resistant reaction to the infection. (8) The rash typically starts on the face and goes down to the limits and can keep going for around 5 days before vanishing (4) 66% of patients show a white-checked enanthema on the buccal mucosa known as Koplik’s spot. (2) Koplik spots were first distinguished by Koplik in 1896 and are the pathognomonic of measles. (4, 5) Generally the goals of the rash and fever starts following 7 to 10 days anyway the hack may endure for more. (4) In numerous cases complexity can happen bringing about diseases of the respiratory tract and cerebrum. Pneumonia going with measles might be because of the MV or an auxiliary bacterial disease. (4) 60% of babies contaminated with measles, can kick the bucket from pneumonia while more established kids (10 - 14 years) passing is related with intense encephalitis. (4) It appears that viral disease of the CNS is a typical component of measles however just an extent of patients will give clinical side effects. Mellow types of measles have been seen because of inactive invulnerability to the infection. Babies who have latently gained antibodies to MV from the mother will give a portion of the manifestations yet relies upon the level of aloof resistance that is accomplished. (4) An examination in China established that moms delivered low degrees of antibodies because of inoculation instead of regular contamination. The result is decreased security to the newborn child which can bring about measles contamination before the period of accepting an antibody. (19) Atypical measles is related with patients who got an immunization utilizing an executed MV instead of live weakened antibody and in this way was presented to the wild-type measles infection. Patients present with a low or imperceptible tit

History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition

History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition On May 14, 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark left from St. Louis, Missouri with the Corps of Discovery and traveled west with an end goal to investigate and record the new terrains purchased by the Louisiana Purchase. With just a single demise, the gathering arrived at the Pacific Ocean at Portland and afterward returned back to St. Louis on September 23, 1806. The Louisiana Purchase In April 1803, the United States, under President Thomas Jefferson, bought 828,000 square miles (2,144,510 square km) of land from France. This land securing is usually known as the Louisiana Purchase. The terrains remembered for the Louisiana Purchase were those west of the Mississippi River yet they were to a great extent unexplored and along these lines totally obscure to both the U.S. what's more, France at that point. Along these lines, soon after the acquisition of the land President Jefferson mentioned that Congress endorse $2,500 for an exploratory campaign west. Objectives of the Expedition When Congress affirmed the assets for the undertaking, President Jefferson picked Captain Meriwether Lewis as its pioneer. Lewis was picked mostly in light of the fact that he previously had some information on the west and was an accomplished Army official. In the wake of making further game plans for the endeavor, Lewis chose he needed a co-skipper and chose another Army official, William Clark. The objectives of this endeavor, as plot by President Jefferson, were to contemplate the Native American clans living in the zone just as the plants, creatures, topography, and landscape of the area. The undertaking was additionally to be a strategic one and help in moving control over the terrains and the individuals living on them from the French and Spanish to the United States. What's more, President Jefferson needed the campaign to locate an immediate conduit toward the West Coast and the Pacific Ocean so westbound extension and trade would be simpler to accomplish in the coming years. The Expedition Begins Lewis and Clarks undertaking authoritatively started on May 14, 1804, when they and the 33 other men making up the Corps of Discovery withdrew from their camp close St. Louis, Missouri. The primary bit of the campaign followed the course of the Missouri River during which, they went through spots, for example, present-day Kansas City, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska. On August 20, 1804, the Corps encountered its sole setback when Sergeant Charles Floyd passed on of a ruptured appendix. He was the first U.S. trooper to bite the dust west of the Mississippi River. Soon after Floyds demise, the Corps arrived at the edge of the Great Plains and saw the regions a wide range of animal groups, the vast majority of which were different to them. They likewise met their first Sioux clan, the Yankton Sioux, in a serene experience. The Corps next gathering with the Sioux, in any case, was not as serene. In September 1804, the Corps met the Teton Sioux further west and during that experience, one of the boss requested that the Corps give them a pontoon before being permitted to pass. At the point when the Corps won't, the Tetons undermined brutality and the Corps arranged to battle. Before genuine threats started however, the two sides withdrew. The First Report The Corps endeavor at that point effectively proceeded upriver until winter when they halted in the towns of the Mandan clan in December 1804. While holding up out the winter, Lewis and Clark had the Corps manufactured Fort Mandan close to introduce day Washburn, North Dakota, where they remained until April 1805. During this time, Lewis and Clark composed their first report to President Jefferson. In it, they chronicled 108 plant species and 68 mineral sorts. After leaving Fort Mandan, Lewis and Clark sent this report, alongside certain individuals from the endeavor and a guide of the U.S. stepped by Clark back to St. Louis. Separating A while later, the Corps proceeded with the course of the Missouri River until they arrived at a fork in late May 1805 and had to partition the endeavor to locate the genuine Missouri River. In the end, they discovered it and in June the campaign met up and crossed the streams headwaters. Presently the Corps showed up at the Continental Divide and had to proceed with their excursion riding a horse at Lemhi Pass on the Montana-Idaho verge on August 26, 1805. Arriving at Portland Once over the partition, the Corps again proceeded with their excursion in kayaks down the Rocky Mountains on the Clearwater River (in northern Idaho), the Snake River, lastly the Columbia River into what is available day Portland, Oregon. The Corps at that point, finally, arrived at the Pacific Ocean in December 1805 and manufactured Fort Clatsop on the south side of the Columbia River to hold up out the winter. During their time at the fortress, the men investigated the region, chased elk and other natural life, met Native American clans, and arranged for their excursion home. Coming back to St. Louis On March 23, 1806, Lewis and Clark and the remainder of the Corps left Fort Clatsop and started their excursion back to St. Louis. When arriving at the Continental Divide in July, the Corps isolated for a short time so Lewis could investigate the Marias River, a tributary of the Missouri River. They at that point rejoined at the conversion of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers on August 11 and came back to St. Louis on September 23, 1806. Accomplishments of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Despite the fact that Lewis and Clark didn't locate an immediate conduit from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, their endeavor brought an abundance of information about the recently bought arrives in the west. For instance, the campaign gave broad realities on the Northwests regular assets. Lewis and Clark had the option to report more than 100 creature species and more than 170 plants. They additionally brought back data on the size, minerals, and the topography of the region. Also, the campaign built up relations with the Native Americans in the locale, one of President Jeffersons principle objectives. Beside the encounter with the Teton Sioux, these relations were to a great extent quiet and the Corps got broad assistance from the different clans they met in regards to things like food and route. For topographical information, the Lewis and Clark campaign gave boundless information about the geography of the Pacific Northwest and created in excess of 140 maps of the district. To peruse increasingly about Lewis and Clark, visit the National Geographic site committed to their excursion or read their report of the undertaking, initially distributed in 1814.

Human Resource Role In Their Field †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Human Resource Role In Their Field Of Work. Answer: Human asset executives assume a key job in their field of work. They need to hold fast to all principles and guidelines in an association, regardless of having all forces t settle on what to do. In spite of the fact that they can perform things and go to responsibilities at their own without close super vision, they need to think of systems which manage and administer different workers in the association. The human asset supervisor should along these lines do the duty of doling out obligations to the remainder of the workers. He is additionally answerable for guaranteeing a smooth running of work and obligations in a domain. In any case, being responsible for the workers and the exercises around the association doesn't imply that the person is the top chief. Human asset administrators are for the most part under a chief, who is the generally speaking in the association. The human asset administrators are additionally alluded to the CEOs, and can likewise run global enterprises. As a multination enterprise CEO, one must anticipate the accompanying abilities from the chief. Correspondence is an ability that is normal, and which must happen in an association or company. For a business to thrive, great correspondence must occur in that enterprise. The CEO goes about as the connection between the remainder of the workers and the chief. The representatives pass their perspectives and issues to the CEO, who at that point imparts to the chief concerning the equivalent. The perspectives on the representatives are normally significant, since they aid the improvement of an enterprise, by wiping out the obsolete perspectives, and supplanting them with new ones (Dowling, 2008). The representatives likewise have issues concerning the measure of work contrasted with the value that they get in return. Its absolutely impossible that a representative can gripe of having an excessive amount of pay contrasted with the work done, however the issue will consistently be a low compensation contrasted with much work or expanded duties. It is in this way the obligation of the CEO, to guarantee that the requests of the representatives are met in time, along these lines tackling an issue and not including different issues. Basic intuition applies in various manners in the field of the executives. It essentially alludes to the capacity of an individual to utilize the intensity of the cerebrum to reason (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). The CEO must be a basic mastermind such that not all issues or issues ought to be taken to the chief. As it were, the CEOs ought to be issue solvers, implying that they ought to be able to fathom issues at their own. Minor issues ought to be comprehended at bunch stages, before arriving at the chief. Great connection is one of the principles and guidelines of a company or an association (Hamel, 2008). The relationship of the CEO with the executive and the workers ought to be vertical and even. Relationship will be like correspondence, since where there is acceptable relationship, acceptable correspondence applies as well. Relating admirably to the representatives implies than there is a smooth running of work and everything is managed fittingly. Great connection ought to along these lines be urged to the last in an association or company. References Bite, J., Chan, C. C. (2008). Human asset rehearses, authoritative responsibility and goal to remain. Global diary of labor, 29(6), 503-522. Dowling, P. (2008). Universal human asset the executives: Managing individuals in a worldwide setting. Cengage Learning. Hamel, G. (2008). The eventual fate of the executives. Human Resource Management International Digest, 16(6). Harzing, A. W., Pinnington, A. (Eds.). (2010). Worldwide human asset the board. Sage.

Mindfulness Meditation Techniques for Stress Relief

Mindfulness Meditation Techniques for Stress Relief Meditation Print 5 Types of Mindfulness Meditation for Reducing Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Reviewed by Reviewed by Sara Clark on January 27, 2020 facebook Sara Clark is an EYT 500-hour certified Vinyasa yoga and mindfulness teacher, lululemon Global Yoga Ambassador, model, and writer. Learn about our Wellness Board Sara Clark Updated on February 11, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Tetra Images/Getty Images There are plenty of mindfulness meditation techniques that can be effective for stress relief and relaxation, from traditional methods (settling into a seated position and clearing your mind) to the kinds that dont necessarily look like meditation (such as brushing your teeth or doing the dishes). Really, any activity where you stay fully present and completely, non-judgmentally rooted in the now can count as mindfulness meditation, and when practiced regularly, can bring the benefits of mindfulness to your life. Mindfulness is a mental state that involves being fully focused on your awareness of the present moment. When practicing mindfulness, you acknowledge and accept your thoughts, feelings,  and sensations without judgment. Whether youre new to mindfulness meditation and need tips to get started or youre an experienced practitioner seeking new techniques, weve rounded up five approaches to mindfulness meditation you can try. They all offer examples of how it’s possible to use whatever you have in your environment as a tool to help steady your mind and ease stress. Sounds While many people believe that a quiet environment is vital for a successful meditation session, you might feel its more useful to focus on the sounds in your environment. It could be a metronome clicking or the washing machine whirling. Whatever it is, zero in on the tone and quality of the sound with intention. Music can also be a useful focus in mindfulness meditation, with additional benefits like energizing you in the morning or relaxing you at night. The key is to find what works for you. Some people might find that a quiet room is what works best for them, while others might find that focusing on their favorite music is the most effective. How Music Can Be Therapeutic Sensations Paying focused, non-judgmental attention to physical sensations in your body both from the inside and outsideâ€"like air on the surface of the skin or the feeling of your breath as it leaves your nostrilsâ€"can bring you into the now and lead to a deep meditative experience. One advantage is that you can practice a sensation-based technique from anywhere such as during a sound bath, a massage, or even a self-message, which in Ayurveda is called abhyanga. Abhyanga is a warm-oil massage that can be a soothing self-care treatment, particularly when practiced daily. Focus on the sensations that you feel during this massage such as the warmth of the oil or the gentle pressure of your fingers on your skin. Thoughts The key point of mindfulness is to be aware of whats happening in the present moment without passing judgment on that awareness. It is normal for your mind to stay active during meditation, but try to observe your thoughts like clouds passing by. Try not to cling to your thoughts or dwell on them. This gives space for the mind to digest all that it needs to process while you can witness these thoughts without judging or labeling them.   Breathing Breathing is one of the few constants in life, with an inherent patternâ€"breath in, breath outâ€"that makes it a useful tool in meditation. The very act of being aware of one’s own breath can lead to deep, satisfying breathing from your diaphragm, which can promote physical and emotional relaxation, a contrast to the short, stifled breaths from your chest that you may feel during an anxious episode. The Basics of Deep Breathing Exercises Taste When stressed, people often instinctively use their sense of taste as a stress reliever, whether theyre munching mindlessly or satisfying sweets cravings brought on by cortisol. But the sense of taste can be a healthy, effective complement to mindfulness exercises. Mindful eating involves slowing chewing, putting down your fork between each mouthful, and being aware of the tastes of what you are eating. During mindful eating, avoid being distracted by any type of screen, whether its a television or mobile device. The focus is on being present during the meal. This supports healthier eating because the mind and body are more aware of the process. Doing this can also help prevent overeating because you are more aware of when you are truly full versus just mindlessly eating. By focusing on the taste of food, the experience of eating, and the sensations of your body, you will feel satiated sooner. A World From Verywell Since the key to developing a strong mindfulness practice is consistency, its best to try a variety of techniques and find the method or methods that work best for you. Any technique that allows you to focus on the present can help you practice mindfulness. Remember that you dont need a fancy setupâ€"look to nearby sounds, sensations, tastes, and your own mind and body to help alleviate stress and increase relaxation. Adding moments of mindfulness to your everyday activities can help you incorporate this meditative technique into your daily routine. How to Become More Mindful in Your Everyday Life

APUSH Final Review How to Study the Week Before Your Test

APUSH test coming up in a week? Although waiting until the last minute to start an APUSH final review is not recommended, there are still valuable studying strategies you can practice prior to testing. Our tips will help you review for APUSH even if you only have 7 days to prepare. With only 7 days left until testing, make the most of your APUSH final review. This means staying focused, and streamlining your studying to make the most of what time you have left. Remember: you aren’t learning new information, just reviewing content and key concepts taught throughout your APUSH course. APUSH Final Review: Getting Started As you only have one week to prepare, don’t let tiny historical details bog you down. Instead, focus your APUSH final review on the trends and big ideas that show up as recurring themes throughout history. Create a checklist of major APUSH themes Khan Academy provides an AP US History study sheet that covers all 7 historical themes for each of the APUSH 9 time periods. Your study sheet will help guide your final review, ensuring that you cover all material that could possibly show up on the exam. Use your checklist to actively monitor your progress and gauge your level of preparedness for your upcoming exam. For a complete course overview of the APUSH exam (including themes, time periods, testing guidelines) read AP College Board’s course description. Visit YouTube for video overviews of APUSH information Start with videos from Gilder Lehrman, Adam Norris or search for your favorite. Although the videos are only 7-10 minutes long, they comment on the main ideas found in each APUSH time period. As you watch, ask yourself: do I know the concepts covered in each of these videos? Do I recognize the terminology, vocabulary and main ideas? What content am I missing? Make a study schedule If you have a total of 7 days before your exam, aim to spend 5 days of more intense review, then 1 day of overall review. Save the last day for mental relaxation. You want to be rested and ready to take your test the following day! Each historical time period makes up a different percentage of the overall AP exam. Notice that Periods 1 and 9 each only represent 5% of the exam, while Periods 6-8 make up a combined 45% of the exam. Adjust your study time accordingly. A suggested outline is below. Although studying time periods out of order may be chronologically difficult, with only 7 days until your exam, it makes the most efficient use of your time. Day 1: Study Period 1 Period 9 Day 2: Study Periods 2-3 Day 3: Study Periods 4-5 Day 4: Study Periods 6-7 Day 5: Study Period 8 Day 6: Overall review day. Review chapter outlines chronologically. Use outlines as study sheets, revealing only the main idea for each section. You supply the rest from memory. Go over any concepts you continue to struggle with. Day 7:Day off. Relax, take it easy. Do some light exercise and eat well. Lay out testing materials before going to bed. Get a good night’s sleep. While studying, use the same study methods every day, or change it up a bit if study time starts to get a little boring. Some time periods are denser than others, so the time you spend studying may differ from one day to the next. Just make sure you set aside a couple hours every day for your APUSH final review. APUSH Final Review: Choosing Study Materials Methods There are quite literally thousands (if not more) study options available online. Find entire chapter outlines, quizzes on key concepts or vocabulary, or flashcard sets covering a wide range of APUSH information. You don’t have a lot of time before your test, so save experimentation for another AP class. Find your favorite method or studying strategy quickly, then stick with it! APUSH Final Review: Almost there! Seven days is not a long time, but if you stay focused and diligent, you can cover all the information you need in order to successfully pass the APUSH exam. For more tips and strategies visit our blogs at Magoosh!

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 954 Words

In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media and the dangers of consuming primarily packaged mass media (such as television and radio). In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury used events that were pertinent to the time to try and convey the message he originally intended. While this message has been lost to many, that does not lessen the work’s value as a piece of literature. Going forward this paper will explore the conclusions normally reached by readers, as well as exploring the authors own original intentions for the work. The primary theme taken from the book is from the author’s chosen setting, being of an authoritarian regime in which books are illegal. While this theme is very easy to grasp (as the reader is figuratively bludgeoned over the head with it), it isn’t the only one people have taken away from the book, nor was it the authors intended focus. Another theme that many readers (normally graduate readers from my research) have identified with are the Christian symbols in the book. While these are used, in some casesShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the o wner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we l ose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told theirRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury904 Words   |  4 PagesLiving in a world with no free thought would be bland as cardboard. But, if that cardboard illuminated with fire, would it have more mea ning than it did before? The answer is yes. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Montag, finds much meaning behind the simple element of fire. The symbol of fire is used to represent how Montag changes himself and his ideas and thoughts about fire throughout the novel. At first, Montag views fire as destructive, but enjoys burning because

The Social and Personal Impediments Against Which Genius...

As a composer, and a performer, there can be no question of Mozarts genius, however, what is genius defined as? The main definition is that genius is a very great and rare innate ability or skill- it is a creative power. It is therefore clear that Mozart was in fact a genius in his music; it does no state anywhere, however, that a genius also has to have a divine personality and behaviour and this is clear as Mozart is shown in Amadeus as a silly, scatological, childish and infantile man. To be a genius in one aspect of the mind, such as music, could mean that other parts of the mind are inhibited, such as social skills. An evident and major theme in Amadeus is exploring how a genius functions in a society and how society hinders and†¦show more content†¦Historically, there is evidence from Mozarts own written letters that there was some sort of antagonism between Salieri and Mozart, If he is allied with Salieri, I wont ever get a thing out of him. Be it jealousy or a differ ence in personality, one cannot say, however, the conflict between Salieris mediocrity and Mozarts genius is evident throughout the play. Salieri himself is musically competent, he has been educated and has learnt the skills of music and so is able to recognise Mozarts greatness, however, he seems to be the only one in Mozarts age to have recognised it, ...my only reward...is to be the sole man alive in this time who shall clearly recognize your Incarnation! He shows his obvious awareness of Mozarts posterity and his own mediocrity. We can see Salieri and Mozart in the light of Nietzsches opposing struggle of the Apollian and Dionysian personalities. Mozart embodies the Dionysian elements of a

University Of Montana International Student Association

While writing my profile essay on University of Montana International Student Association to discover the challenges, international students face when they moved away thousands of miles from their home country to study here at the University of Montana. Many face challenges from social (unfamiliar living circumstances), academic (learning style) to cultural (language, culture and personal barriers) issues. Some students adapt easily to life here in Missoula while others experience difficulties. I began to wonder if these problems faced by international students here at the University of Montana are the same compared to other international students attending other university throughout the United States (US). I started doing my research for†¦show more content†¦They contribute to the diversity and internationalization of their classrooms, campuses and communities. In this essay we will be looking into the academic, social and cultural challenges international students face wh en they study here in the US. Follow by why students from different regions (Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, Australia etc.) adapt to US culture differently. Lastly I will look into why International students mostly associated with other international students instead of associating with American students. In most college and university here in the US, your courses will most likely be graded in many ways such as in a test, class participation and writing papers. For students that are not used to these assessment such as writing a research paper and citing sources they will have difficult time undertaking these assessment. For example students like Vuk Bojovic from Serbia studying in Illinois wrote When I first came here, I had a problem with research papers, as I have never wrote them in high school in Serbia, I was not familiar with the structure of a paper as well as academic resources and citations. It took me a whole term to work both on my own and with people in the Reading-Writing Center to get a good grade on a paper.(3). While some students having a hard time writing research papers others struggle in class participation assessment. Many college professors in the US

BSHS465LeahPerryWk1AnalysisVidPaper - 1177 Words

Self-Awareness Analysis Student BSHS/465 March 19, 2015 Instructor Self-Awareness Analysis An emotionally intelligent individual manages personal situations and relationships with balance and care. Daniel Goleman, a psychologist and author, believes the four domains of emotional intelligence are self-awareness, self-management, empathy, and the combination of the above. When these four domains work congruently it stabilizes an individual in both work and home relationship (Goleman, 2013). A human service worker offers an effective service to the client when socially balanced and focused on developing healthy levels of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is demonstrated both in the workplace and at home by how situations†¦show more content†¦The fourth component is the combination of the three domains working together in unison like a well-oiled machine. If self-management is neglected it certainly will not improve the ability to be empathetic, nor can it help in self-awareness, as this second component works to improve on an individual’s firm gra sp of applying positive emotions under stress. It is also imperative to put these three domains together for healthy relationships to occur. These four domains also lend into social intelligence placing people together as you and I instead of I and it, and these two modes of relating to others takes the object out of how one views people. Experiencing Self-Awareness Daniel Goleman provides examples of individuals experiencing self-awareness at both work and in one’s life (Goleman, 2013). Being conscious of one’s inner world, beliefs, thoughts, and concepts are what comprise self-awareness. In one’s daily life there are situations, struggles, and trials which can impact sound judgement and resolution. Self-awareness helps the individual make healthy decisions and knowing when to ask for help to cope with an overwhelming issue. Also learning to grow through a limiting perspective to compromise with others and seek alternatives (Levine, 2013). Others may disagree with ones beliefs, decisions, and lifestyle, yet the individual can recognize feelings about those in disagreement with them and avoid unnecessary conflict. While in the work

Communication and management skills Free Essays

Introduction: An individual, a family, and the society are engulfed in the cobweb of management skills and     pubic relations in every step of life. One is not actively aware of it. In this materialistic era of industrialization and internet civilization, public relations have not left any part of one’s life untouched. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and management skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now It creates better or worse effects. Public Relations is good in parts. It takes away one from the truth. Profiteering and Public Relations are alternative beats of the same heart. From the topics covered in James E. Grunig’s book, â€Å"Managing Public Relations,† one gets an idea of the domain of Management of Public Relations. The Public Relations Manager in any Organization is the key man; he has to present the best of the Organization, in all aspects to the individuals and Institutions he is called upon to deal. Theme: The theme of any public relations exercise is ‘how to bell the cat.’ How to win over the other party to your view point! How to sell your product to the customer! How to face the competition! These challenges form the syllabus for public relations managers. The topics covered in the book are extensive and intensive. The book has enough resources for both the students and the professionals. It does the job of a knowledgeable teacher. Both the theoretical and the practical aspects are well taken care of. The Four Public Relations models defined by Grunig, deal with the core issues related to this topic. Main ideas/ techniques: The listing of the topics covered and enumerated is fairly long, but if one keeps out its printout, in the form of a pocket-guide, it will prove useful. The topics are, the concept of pubic relations, origin and contemporary structures of public relations, public relations and public responsibility, professionalism in public relations, elements of public relations management, defining and choosing goals and objectives, identifying organizational linkages and publics, budgeting and decision making, evaluation research, legal constraints, media relations, employee and member relations, community relations, public affairs and government relations, relations with active publics; consumers, environmentalists and minorities, financial public relations, promotion, fund raising and public communication campaigns, public relations writing, press releases, catering to the press, using radio, television and videotape, preparing to speak, brochures, fact sheets and   direct mail, newsletters, newspapers and magazines, photographs and illustrations, slides and multimedia representations, films, exhibits and special events, annual reports and financial writing, public relations advertising, lobbying and toward a mature profession.  So, that is public relations. Interesting and many times, annoying, because it is to deal with the public of various types of emotions, tempers and opinions. Evaluation: It is not possible to evaluate the issues involved in public relations within the perimeters of this small article. An effort has been made to discuss the most important aspect of it, in the prevailing conditions today– the management of media. Media is broadly categorized into print media and electronic media. In first flush of enthusiasm, all like media attention. But handling the media attention is not that easy. Mostly if anything adverse is reported, the readers and viewers believe it immediately. Contradicting the adverse reports is not an easy job; it is both expensive, and at times it invites further media wrath. News papers are published everyday. TV channels give the reporting 24 hours of the day. From where one can bring the enormous resources to meet the adverse challenge? The section of the viewers who have seen the adverse reports may not see your clarifications. They say, a lie reported from a platform a thousand times, becomes the truth. That is the position one would face while dealing with the media. It is necessary for you to evaluate whether the money that you are spending on image building exercise is hitting the right spot. A good press release is no guarantee for bettering the image. It may lead to both positive and negative results. People want to read what they want, not what you want. Every press release, every advertisement must have the sense of timing. You can’t advertise refrigerators for the Eskimos. You don’t advertise for woolen garments during summer, unless it is a heavy discount sale, and the people get attracted to the discount aspect. Pubic Relations, in the developing countries, is yet to take off. In the context of globalization, no business establishment can survive in isolation. The consumer is the king now, with so many brands of identical products available in the market. Fresh products arrive to provide stiff competition as for quality and cost both. It is not enough, what you produce is the best product. People need to know that it is the best product, and why it is the best product, in comparative terms. â€Å"Once you start promoting your business, don’t stop. A sustainable public relations strategy is a long-term endeavor. It can take months to capture the attention of targeted media venues. Plus, it’s important to remind the press about your business on a regular basis, so they don’t forget about you.†(Public†¦.) In Western countries, public relations are part of the top management function. It is the part of the agenda of the Board meetings. Management formulates its public relations policy. Continuous efforts are made by the public relations men to keep the organization on the high pedestal from the point of view of the public. Maintaining popularity is equally important as achieving the popularity. â€Å"We even shadow our own communications tactics trying to monitor their impact on audience perception — tactics such as face-to-face meetings, Internet and email, hand-placed newspaper and magazine feature articles and broadcast appearances, special consumer briefings, news releases, announcement luncheons, onsite media interviews, facility tours, brochures and even special events like promotional contests, financial road shows, awards ceremonies, trade conventions, celebrity appearances and open houses — each designed to impact individual perception and behavior.†(The Fundamental†¦) Conclusion: â€Å"Now this soap has the juice of lemon, which nourishes your skin!† says an advertisement. Well, did you not know that lemon juice is good for your skin and in that case why don’t you squeeze a lemon get some juice and put it in the bucket of water and use it directly? Why buy the costly soap, just for the sake of lemon juice? And yet you buy! Why?-because the model engaged by the Company in the television advertisement has told you so. You pay for the soap and for their advertisement costs!   Yes, this is managing public relations! References Cited: Grunig, James E. Book: Managing Public Relations Hardcover: 565 pages Publisher: Harcourt Brace College Publishers (January 1984) Language: English ISBN-10: 0030583373 ISBN-13: 978-0030583377 Article: Public Relations Strategy on a Tight Budget www.startupnation.com/articles/1241/1/public-relations-strategy.Retrieved on December 9, 2007. Article: The Fundamental Premise-Public Relations- ezinearticles.com/? Public-Relations:-The-Fundamental-Premiseid=17377 – Retrieved on December 9, 2007. How to cite Communication and management skills, Essay examples

International Domestic Airlines Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International And Domestic Airlines In Australia? Answer: Introduction Qantas Airlines was established in 1920 in the rural Queensland. It is one of the largest international and domestic airlines in Australia (MELBOURNE, 2011). Furthermore, it is the leading long-distance airways across the world and the strongest brands operating in Australia. It is the flag carrier airway in Australia and the largest airline by size, international destination and international flights. Furthermore, it is the third oldest airline carriers in the globe (Qantas, 2011). The company operates in the world most dynamic and exciting sectors and have continued to be successful and grow all the years. It flies to over 200 destinations across the globe in over 45 nations. It owns low-fare carrier Jetstar and regional carrier QantasLink, both of which are said to operate in Asia/Pacific and Australi region. On overall, its fleet comprises of 300 aircrafts. Qantas also generate its revenues from catering, touring and cargo operations (Qantas, 2016). The company believes in development of its diverse workforce. Thus, it is its priority to reflect a wide range of clients it serve across the globe and acknowledging diverse cultures across its workforce. To achieve this, the company has set up different programs aimed at attracting and retaining personnel from diverse cultural and personal backgrounds. Qantas have built reputation for it excellence in operational reliability, maintenance, customer service, engineering and safety (MELBOURNE, 2011). It key operation is usually transportation of client using its two complementary airline brands; that is, Jetstar and Qantas. In addition, Qantas operate other subsidiary business such as other business and airlines in the specialist markets like Q Catering (Qantas, 2016). Its brands operate domestic, international and regional services. With these considerations, this paper aims to present analysis of Qantas financial performance based on its 2016 annual report. This will be based on anal ysis of its competitors, and financial statements. It financial health would be analysed on the basis of liquidity, market performance, efficiency and profitability ratios Competitors Qantas chief competitors are United Continental Holding, LAN Airlines, Cathay Pacific Airways, Virgin Australia Holding and Singapore Airlines. Nonetheless, despite of these rivals, Qantas one of the largest airline operating in Australia, has shown no signal of violent completion in the international flights as it add extra volume (Qantas, 2016). The speedy growth experienced in the past one year had obligated this company to bid some exceptional airfare reductions hurting the travel airlines and agents (MELBOURNE, 2011). This was as a result of growth in international competitor by 11% forcing the company to reduce its airfares, sending ticket revenues per the international seat downward by around 9% and making its earnings from international operations to decrease by 22%. Critical Analysis of Qantas Financial Statements Ratio analysis This entails quantitative analysis of financial information of an organization. This is mainly based on the line items in income statement, cash flow and income statement. In addition, ratio analysis is utilized in assessing numerous aspect of the organizations financial and operating performance like liquidity, solvency, efficiency and profitability (Altman, 1968). This helps in checking whether an organization is deteriorating or improving. Basically, financial ratios help in measuring financial performance of a given organization. To be more specific, financial ratio analysis is the method of analysis which is utilized in obtaining quick signal of the organizations financial performance in numerous key sections (Chen Shimerda, (1981). The most common ratios used in analysing financial performance of Qantas is the profitability ratios, efficiency, liquidity, capital structure and solvency ratios. Profitability ratios These financial ratios try to measure an organizations success in terms of income generation. They usually reflect combined impact of an organizations debt and asset management (Altman, 1968). In this case, profitability ratios such as profit margin, ROA and ROE are used in measuring or evaluating Qantas financial performance. Profit margin The ratio shows dollar amount in terms of income that an organisation earns on every dollar of revenue (Chen Shimerda, (1981). Given these considerations, Qantas profit margin for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 Profit margin -18.76% 3.59% 6.52% ROA shows dollar amount in income earned by an organization on its total assets. It shows how effective the management is in managing its assets or in turning its assets to income (Altman, 1968). With these facts, Qantas ROA for the years was; 2014 2015 2016 ROA -16.42% 3.18% 6.16% This shows the dollar amount of the income that is earned by an organization on its equity. It displays or indicates how effective the management is in utilizing its equity to generate income. With these facts, Qantas ROE for the years was; 2014 2015 2016 ROE -99.34% 16.27% 31.61% Based on the profitability ratio computed above, it is evident that Qantas is financially stable and healthy. This is based on the fact that the company ROA, profit margin and ROE increased over the past three years. The increase is a clear signal that the company management is able to effectively use its shareholders equity as well as assets in generating income. Efficiency ratios These financial ratios are important in highlighting effectiveness of an organization in using its assets. The ratios are usually measured in relation to an organizations total sales. Basically, some of the efficiency ratios that would be used in this case include inventory turnover as well as asset turnover (Lev Sunder, 1979). The ratios are also crucial since they display extent to which total assets of an organization is used and managed in order to meet the firms cash flow expenses and requirements. Receivable turnover This ratio is used in assessing an organizations management effectiveness in managing its account receivable (Lev Sunder, 1979). This means that higher ratio is more preferred since it shows or displays that an organization is collecting its receivable sooner. Given these considerations, receivable turnover for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 receivable turnover 12.67 16.20 19.85 Asset turnover This ratio is useful since it help in measuring how productively an organization is managing its total assets in generating revenue (Chen Shimerda, (1981). Given these considerations, Qantas profit asset turnover was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 asset turnover 0.88 0.89 0.94 Inventory turnover The ratio is used in measuring organizations management of the inventory, meaning that higher ratio is an indicative of better management performance (Chen Shimerda, (1981). Given these considerations, Qantas inventory turnover for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 Inventory turnover 23.98 22.18 19.68 Based on the efficiency ratio analysis above, it is evident that Qantas is more effective in terms of its asset management. This is evidence by increased receivable and asset turnover over the past three years. Working capital management ratios These are the financial ratios used by an organization in managing its working capital. The chief working capital management ratio used in analysing Qantas is working capital ratio (Lev Sunder, 1979). Working capital This is a financial ratio used in assessing how effective the firm is managing its working capital. It helps in determining solvency and liquidity level of an organization (Lev Sunder, 1979). In this case, working capital for Qantas for the past three years was; 2014 2015 2016 working capital (2,593.00) (2,421.00) (3,570.00) Based on the working capital analysis above, it is evident that the company was unable or was experiencing hard times in managing its working capital. This is evidence by decreased or negative working capital in the last three years with the year 2016 recording the lowest working capital. Liquidity ratios These ratios are very useful since they highlight the capacity of an organization to meet its short-term financial needs (Lev Sunder, 1979). Some of the liquidity ratios considered in this case are the quick as well as the current ratios. Quick ratio This ratio is very dynamic while comparing an organization capacity is more dynamic and take into account more readily or liquid assets in settling an organization short-term debts (Lev Sunder, 1979). It tries to measure capacity of an organization in settling its key obligations based on its most liquid assets like account receivables and cash. Given these considerations, Qantas quick ratio for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 quick ratio 0.61 0.63 0.44 Current ratio The ratio is crucial since it assists in measuring the capacity of a given firm to meet all its short-term arrears using its current assets. Here, a decrease in the ratio would means that needs or requirements of current liabilities would be fulfilled by its long-term assets (Chen Shimerda, (1981). Given these considerations, Qantas current ratio for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 current ratio 0.66 0.68 0.49 On overall, based on the above analysis, it is evidence that Qantas was experiencing some difficulties in settling its short-term debt obligations using its short-term assets. In essence, it can be stated that for the last three years Qantas was not able to settle its short-term financial needs. Solvency ratios These ratios are utilized in measuring the capacity of an organization to meet its long-term debt commitments. In other words, these ratios are used in showing whether an organizations cash flow is adequate in meeting its long and short-term liabilities (Lev Sunder, 1979). With these considerations, debt to equity and interest coverage is used in measuring Qantas leverage level. Debt to equity The ratio shows level at which financial leverage is being used by an organization. An increasing debt to equity shows higher interest expenses (Chen Shimerda, (1981). Given these considerations, Qantas debt to equity for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 debt to equity 5.05 4.09 4.13 Interest coverage The ratio is used in measuring an entitys capacity to meet its interest expenses on all its debts using its operating income. This means that a higher ratio shows that an organization is in better position in covering all its interest (Altman, 1968). Given these considerations, Qantas interest coverage for the years was as shown below; 2014 2015 2016 interest coverage -13.88 2.19 4.32 On overall, given the above solvency ratios analysis, it is evident that for the last three years, Qantas has had easier time in settling its interest expenses. This is evidenced by increasing interest coverage ratios. Further, based on debt to equity, it is evident that for the last few years, Qantas has been able to reduce its expenses on debt. Trend-analysis In assessing the financial trend of Qantas financial statements, horizontal analysis is used. Horizontal analysis is crucial since it would assist in highlighting changes or variations in numerous aspects of its financial statements considering the financial year 2014 as base year (Chen Shimerda, (1981). In this case, horizontal analysis of the companys statement of the financial position, cash flow as well as income statements is conducted. Horizontal analysis of the Balance sheet Based on horizontal analysis of Qantas balance sheet as shown in Appendix 1 below, it is evident that most of the items experienced significant decrease as from 2015 going all the way to 2016. For instance, the company cash and cash equivalents decreased with -3.2% in the year 2015 and in 2016 it decreased further in -46.9%. Inventories on the other hand are found to have increased in 2015 with 1.6% and in 2016 it increased by 4.2%. Further, on overall total current assets are said to have increased in 2015 with 2.3% while it decreased with -46% in 2016. In addition, the company property, plant and equipment increased with 2.4% in 2015 and increased further in 2016 to 8.1%. Despite the tremendous increase in the company total non-current assets with 0.2% in 2015 and 5.8% in 2916, it is evident that total assets for the company increased with 1.2% in 2015 but decreased with 4.9% in 2016. Further, liabilities both current and non-current liabilities are found to have experienced signif icant decrease with an overall decrease in total liabilities. Nonetheless, its total equity in found to have increased with 16.9% in 2015 but decreased in 2016 with around 5.7%. Horizontal analysis of Qantas Income statement From Appendix 2 below, it is evident that Qantas total revenue increased in 2015 with around 2.43% while in 2016 it increased with 1.60%. On the other hand, the gross profit for the company increased with around 9.98% in 2015 and with 8.54% in 2016. Furthermore, the company recorded vast increase in its operating income in 2015 with around 617.5% and in 2016 the increase was not as much as in 2015 by it was also high at around 37.73%. In addition, income before taxes increased with about 603.93% in 2015 and in 2016 it increased with around 44.59%. On overall, net income for the years increased with 610.41% in 2015 and in 2016 net income increased with 45.87%. Horizontal analysis of Qantas Cash flow As from Table 3 below, it is evident that Qantas cash flow from the operating activities increased with 47.8% in 2015 and with around 27.35% in 2016. On the other hand, its cash flow for the investing activities decreased with around 13.2% in 2015 but in 2016 it increased with 50.91%. Its net cash flow from the financing activities increased with around 114.2% in 2015 and in 2016 it increased with around 33.26%. On overall, the net change in cash increased with around 284.9% in 2015 and with around 89.98% in the year 2016. The tremendous increase in the company cash flows for the last three years is a clear indication that the company is effective in generating cash flow and that it is financially healthy and stable. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that Qantas is financially health. This is based on the fact that the company profitability, efficiency and solvency ratios for the last three years have increased significantly.To be more specific, with the increased profit margin, ROA and ROE, it can be concluded that the company management is effective enough in managing its shareholders equity and assets to generate income. Furthermore, with high or increasing interest coverage, it is evident that the company is having easier time in settling its interest expenses. Hence, it would be recommendable for any potential investor to invest in Qantas in order to enjoy high returns given that it has been experiencing significant increase in its sales, gross profit and net profit. References Altman, E., I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The journal of finance,23(4), 589-609. Chen, K., H., Shimerda, T., A. (1981). An empirical analysis of useful financial ratios.Financial Management, 51-60. Lev, B., Sunder, S. (1979). Methodological issues in the use of financial ratios. Journal of Accounting and Economics,1(3), 187-210. MELBOURNE. (2011). ustralian Airline Industry: High fuel prices and strong competition keep profit grounded PRWEB; Retrieved at 12th September 2017 from https://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8983438.htm Qantas. (2011). Qantas airways limited and controlled entities Appendix 4D and consolidated interim financial report for the half-year ended 31 December 2011, Qantas, Retrieved at 12th September 2017 from; https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2011HYResults.pdf Qantas. (2016). Qantas airways annual report; Retrieved at 12th September 2017 from; https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/.../2016AnnualReport.pdf

Insider Trading Laws - Punishments - Case Studies

Question: Describe about the Insider Trading for Laws, Punishments, Case Studies. Answer: Introduction: Criminology defines corporate crime in many ways. Crime committed by a Company, Crime committed by someone outside the Company or a crime committed by someone inside the Company all come together under the term Corporate Crime (Crowe, 2015). Corporate Crime can be of many types. All of the acts mentioned below may come under the tag of Corporate Crime: False presentation of a Companys Financials Bribery with commercial agenda Unlawful fund handling Dissemination of false information while marketing the company products Exploiting stock market pricing etc Criminal Law is applicable in any of the cases mentioned above. The presiding Legislature decides the amount of damage that any of the above acts may cause to a company or to the State and the individuals residing there. Depending on the severity of the act, penalty is decided. In the Countries which are economically advanced, Corruption and bribery for commercial purposes have become issues of continued concern. Apart from corruption and bribery, Insider trading has become one of the most concerning issues in the present day corporations (Legislation, 2016). Insider Trading: Insider trading is one of the grave concerns for the present day corporations. An insider of a company may have a number of information which is not available for people outside the company. The general public who do not have these internal information of a Company, fall victim when the person inside the Company uses these confidential information for selling or buying stocks / securities of the company. The outsiders or the people who are not part of the company, invest in the stocks / securities of the company without knowing those precious information which provide larger profits to the people inside the company (Austlii, 2001). Therefore, it may be said that the people who are inside the company make undue profit by means of unethical means. There is a conflict among economists regarding the legality of insider trading. Some find it ethical and good for economy of a country as it increases the cost of capital for the issuers of securities and some find it completely unethical and wish to impose legal banning on it. The rules for insider trading vary for different countries. The rules are somewhat complex in nature also. The Case of Lukas Kamay vs the Queen: In the year 2015, the most significant verdict in the history of insider trading was given by the Supreme Court Justice Ms Elizabeth Hollingworth. The case was fought between the Queen of Australia and Mr Lukas Kamay, a former NAB banker and a former analyst from Australian Bureau of statistics, Mr Christopher Hill. Both Kamay and Hill was sentenced to Jail for that Insider Trading offence. Mr Lucas was imprisoned for Seven years and three months and Mr Hill was sentenced for three Years approximately. Ms Elizabeth Hollingworth, Honble Justice of Supreme Court of Australia, commented that the case was the worst example of Insider Trading in the country of Australia. Hill, a former analyst of ABS copied some of the internal information of his company and sent them via his mobile phone to Lukas Kamay. The sent information consisted of the labour force, new expenditure in Capital; retail dealings etc of the Company. Kamay used this important information to strike hugely profitable trading deals. Kamay made a profit of 2 Lakhs 84 thousnad dollars out of the deal. He accumulated a profit of approximately 7 Million dollars within a few months. Throughout this unethical practice, Hill went on passing important and confidential information from his own company to Kamay. The information he passed on to Kamay included very important and confidential financial information of his company. According to Justice Hollingworth, the whole unlawful process was driven by highest level of greed and by the single reason of financial profit. The Judge while passing her sentence mentioned that both Kamay and Hill had pleaded guilty in advance and as they were very youn g, they could start their life afresh after successful rehabilitation (Vines, 2015). Hill was unaware that Kamay had dealings with a number of confidential forex accounts for trading with companies like Axigroup and Pepperstone. Both these Organisations had gone to Australian Securities and Investment Commission reporting about the mistrustful trading. By these tradings Kamay earned approximately 7.2 million Dollars wheras Hill could make only a profit of 19,500 Dollars. Kamay was charged with several offences like Insider Trading, Identity theft and illegal money handling. He pleaded guilty for these charges. Psychological analysis of the two offenders gave different results. While the analysis of Kamay revealed that he had a narcissistic attitude and was not very repentant for his deeds, Hill was in a depressed and very repentant state of mind. Keeping the age of these two offenders and their earlier clean record, the Judge decided to hand them light sentences so that they could successfully rehabilitate post their punishment (Theaustralian, 2015). Oliver Curtis Case and imprisonment: In a very recent case of insider trading Mr oliver Curtis was handed two years of imprisonment by Justice Lucy McCallum. Curtis was an employer of the investment Bank of Transocean group. During the year 2007-2008, he was charged with the offence of insider trading. The Justice commented that Curtis was completely aware of his wrong-doings and deals which were illegal in nature and he collaborated with one of his best friends to use insider trading to its fullest to make illegal profit out of it. She also remarked that Curtis did not show any repentance or remorse for his misdeeds. The publicist wife of Curtis pleaded not-guilty for her husband. The Justice passed her verdict with a clear saying that the offender Curtis in this case has not shown any remorse for his wrong doings which has forced her a to pass a sentence against him. Curtis was handed with one year imprisonment and was also served with a good behavior order for another year. Mr Hartman the co-offender in this case who aided Curtis in his illegal insider trading dealings, had admitted of his offence and expressed his repentance for his wrong-doings. But, Curtis was non-committal of his offence till the very last. The Judge while passing her sentence said that she thought that Curtis was not of the material or mental intent to repeat the same nature of offence in future. She also said that the family of Curtis well supportive and financially well-placed. Therefore the imprisonment would not affect them in a harsh manner. She also commented that the damage in the professional reputation of Curtis may not be matter of great concern as his father was a successful banker and was capable of looking after him (Whitbourn, 2016). She believed that Curtiss bonding with his family may help him to come out clean after a successful rehabilitation. While closing her judgment, she also said that the so called white-collar crime like Insider Trading affects the life of individuals who are into trading and thus causes great damage to community. Her judgment was largely influenced by the fact that Curtis did not show any amount of repentance during his trial for his wrong doings. I) Comparison in the approaches of the Judges in the cases mentioned above: In both the cases, the nature of crime was almost the same, using insider information of a company to use them for personal benefit and illegal money-making. But the approaches of the judges were a little different. In the case of Kamay and Hill, the Judge Ms Hollingworth gave much importance on the fact that both the offenders were very repentant for the misdoings and pleaded guilty. Though there was a difference between the psyche of the offenders in this case, but none of them were believed to repeat their offence once again. The sound nature of their family background was also into playing while the Judge decided upon her sentence. She believed in both the offenders case, rehabilitation in a successful manner was a possibility. But the most important part of her judgment was based upon the amount of money involved into the case. The huge amount of money which was illegally accumulated by Kamay played a big role in his long imprisonment of approximately seven years. The Judge believed that the amount was so large that the victimization of the general traders was of more severe in nature than any other cases of the past. In the case of Curtis Hartman, the Judge emphasized on the observation that unlike Mr Hartman, Curtis was not at all repentant of his misdoings and he did not plead guilty also. But keeping in mind his professional efficiency, his earlier record and his close affinity towards his family, the Judge decided that he is unlikely to repeat his offence. Also the amount of money illegally handled in this case was not of that enormous magnitude. So she decided for a sentence of shorter time period within which she believed rehabilitation would be possible in successful manner (Piotrowski, 2016). II) Kamays appeal and its success: Kamay pleaded guilty for his offence and though he was handed over with a long period of imprisonment, approximately of seven years, the Judge considered his repentance for his misdeeds as a good sign and despite the magnitude of the financial involvement in the case, she handed over a judgment with consideration with the belief that it may lead to the path of the offenders successful rehabilitation. III) Principle of Parity during the judgment by a Judge: The principle of parity plays a huge role in influencing the nature of judgment passed by a Judge. In the same case of Kamay and Hill, hill was handed with lighter sentence than Kamay because of the evidence provided after his psychoanalysis which showed that he was extremely remorseful and completely aware of his misdoings. Also the amount of profit cumulated illegally was less in his case. Therefore, he was handed over with lighter sentence than that handed to Kamay. Similarly, in the case of Curtis and Hartman, Curtis was handed with a punishment more severe in nature than Hartman. Curtis was nonchalant with the crime he committed; he did not play guilty also. On the other hand, Hartman pleaded guilty and was very remorseful for his doings. So, the judgment was also more considerate to him than that to Curtis. IV) Role of Australia security and Investment commission in Criminal Offences: Australia Security and Investment commission (ASIC) looks after maintaining the regulations in equity capital market. The purpose is to create a secured environment for investment so that the domestic and foreign investors feel encouraged. By several methods like surveillance, prosecution and enforcement, ASIC tries to reduce the loss of shareholders. A key role of ASIC is to find out illegal corporate dealings like insider trading which may affect the future of other lawful traders. By tracking down such criminal activities and taking prosecution action against the offenders is a major role played by it (Asic, 2016). V) Insider trading in legalized environment: possibilities: Trading by a person who is an insider of a company is a matter of legal concern. But in a recent development, corporate act is allowing the insiders of a company to trade with its shares in a legalized manner. Under this regulation, an insider of a company may place a plan to trade with company shares well in advance, at a time when he does not have any inside information of the company. He may have the right to deal with the shares according to his preplanned strategy. Thus the violation of corporate law may be avoided. But there are confusions over the possibilities of manipulation of inside information in this type of activity. Conclusion: The fine line between legalized and unrealized Insider trading makes the nature of offences more complex day by day. As an Insider of a company, one person should be extremely cautious about his dealings and handlings of information and trading in order to avoid unwanted situations of prosecution and punishment. References: Asic. (2016, April 20). Asic. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Asic: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/what-we-do/our-role/ Austlii. (2001). Commonwealth Consolidated Acts. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Austlii: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s1043a.html Crowe, E. (2015, June 01). What Is Criminology? - Definition, History Theories. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from study: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-criminology-definition-history-theories.html Legislation. (2016, August 24). Criminal Code 2002 . Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Legislation: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2002-51/current/pdf/2002-51.pdf Piotrowski, D. (2016, June 23). Mr Curtis has not embraced responsibility for his offending. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Dailymail: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3655845/Oliver-Curtis-sentencing-Roxy-Jacenko-s-husband-face-jail-insider-trading.html Theaustralian. (2015, March 17). Lukas kamay jailed for seven years. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Theaustralian: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/insider-trader-lukas-kamay-jailed-for-seven-years/news-story/952d8812aa879f484214f7a5ebb3cae1 Vines, H. (2015, March 16). 'Greedy' pair Lukas Kamay, Christopher Hill jailed over $7 million ABS insider trading scam. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Abc: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-17/pair-sentenced-over-abs-insider-trading/6324526 Whitbourn, M. (2016, June 02). Oliver Curtis, husband of Roxy Jacenko, jailed for insider trading. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from Smh: https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/oliver-curtis-husband-of-roxy-jacenko-jailed-for-insider-trading-20160623-gpputd.html

Challenges and Problems Faced by Pilkington Company

Waste Management Essays

Waste Management Essays Waste Management Essay Waste Management Essay With a population of over 1. 2 billion, rapid urbanization and modernization of India is simply inevitable. Most of the cities are under-prepared for the rapid growth, because the infrastructure lacks serious development. Waste Management has become a matter of great concern to most city corporations, and there have been some instances of management collapse even in metropolitan cities in the year 2012. All this build-up took place within a single decade, which is why many corporations have awakened to the rude shock. There has been an unpredictable increase in both industrial and domestic wastes.The government and corporations have now taken cognizant of things that require immediate attention, and a lot of funds have been diverted to various waste management projects. Municipal waste is very different from the rural waste, which mostly comprises of agricultural and organic matter. Moreover, the total waste is rural areas is dispersed across a wider land area , which makes it more manageable. Since the urban population is obviously multiple folds more than the rural population, waste management becomes a very challenging task.Waste Management was conveniently done by dumping waste in rural areas, which then gave rise to a bigger menace of ‘pollution sinks’. Residential and commercial wastes are mostly in semisolid and solid forms. Even the bio-medical wastes, which have been treated fall into this category. Industrial waste on the other hand is not included in this category. Municipal solid waste management is quite a complex process, which clearly means a lot of investment in infrastructure, technology, and planning. It means efficiently handling: * Institutional waste * Dead animals waste at slaughter houses * Demolition and construction wastes Wastes which gets accumulated on the roads * Waste derived from horticultural processes * Treated bio-medical waste * Waste due to drains and outlets * Sludge from industries * Comm ercial waste from the market areas All these processes have to be handled on a large scale, which is why the government of India has come up with many infrastructure improvement plans. JNNURM program (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission) is designed to create equitable, responsive, efficient and productive cities. Urban Local Bodies and the state governments are actively working towards bringing about urban transformations.Most of the reforms are aimed at infusing highest sustainability to infrastructure developments. In fact â‚ ¬ 253. 59 million has been approved for 44 projects. Hence, solid Waste Management sector in India has become a very lucrative sector for investors. Millions of tons of wastage are sent to the landfills near most of the metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Ahmadabad, Bhopal, Chennai, etc. These undertakings are managed and run by both government and private enterprises. Let us now look at some of the solid waste management projects taking place in some Indian cities. Mumbai, MaharashtraMumbai, better known globally as the Financial Capital of India, has a huge population of over 13 million according to the census of the year 2011. The city spans beyond a 472 sq kilometers, and generates approximately 9,500 MT of solid waste everyday. 7,000 MT of freight is recyclable and bio-degradable, and the remaining 2,500 MT of waste comes from construction and demolition projects. The city has four major landfills Mulund, Deonar, Kanjur and Gorai. The landfill of Gorai was closed scientifically in the year 2007. Deonar is another big landfill on the eastern suburbs, and here the waste is simply dumped without any kind of treatment.Even this dumpsite it is scientifically closed by covering it with an impermeable layer. 65 hector area of this dump is used for generating landfill gas collection. Ahmedabad, Gujarat This city generates more than 2,400 MT of non-segregated waste every day. More than 1,000 vehicles make trips to and from two of their major dumpsites, Pirana and Gyaspur Sanitary Landfill. The budget of â‚ ¬ 27. 30 million has been allocated to the Gyaspur scientific landfill development. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh The only landfill of this city, the Bhanpur Dumpsite is located at around 15 km away from the city limits.There are proposals of opening three more new landfills around the city. These landfills of 64 acres are expected to serve for a period of 20 years. The project cost is estimated to be around â‚ ¬5,550,000, which is roughly around 400,000,000 INR. These projects will involve waste processing, along with deriving compost manure. Bangalore, Karnataka Bangalore, with a population of 8. 5 million, produces nearly 3,000 MT of waste per day, which comprises of around 53% of vegetable and organic waste, while paper and plastic makes for about 20%.Presently, there is a scarcity of landfills and with an erratic garbage collection system (as a result of privatization), the people of Bangalore have begun to dump the waste at any street corner resulting in garbage strewn all across the city. As per the directive from High Court dry and the wet waste generated in Bangalore city have be transported to different landfills instead of dumping them together. Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) is to transport only dry waste to the Mandur landfill. The wet waste is to go to the temporary landfill at Survey No. 1 of Chikknagamangala village, Sarjapur Hobli on the city’s outskirts. The State government has recently identified a new landfill which is spread across 94. 35 acres. The Government is also looking for foreign players to help resolve this issue. A Sri Lankan group has come forward to invest  Ã¢â€š ¬ 38. 46 million and they will implement Israeli waste management technology. Key drivers for the growth of Waste Management sector * Stricter norms are being proposed by the government for treating hazardous industrial wastes. Supreme Court rulings and public interest litigations are actively planning for managing domestic wastes. * Now that size of landfill space is shrinking with the increasing population in rural areas, it has become imperative to use better management and new technologies for managing waste. * Many government schemes and grants are being handed over for infrastructure development in small and medium sized towns. What it means for international companies Invariably, India offers excellent opportunities for international or foreign companies specializing in various waste management processes.Even the companies selling products and technology will find India as a big and lucrative marketplace. With a growing urgency for efficient waste management in many cities across India, there will be more and more projects and employment opportunities in the sector. As seen in the above mentioned cases, foreign companies get the golden opportunity of partnering with Indian players to create integrated solutions in various waste management a reas like feasibility study, design and planning, technical consultations, waste treatment technologies, restructuring of existing waste collection systems, etc.Some of the areas where foreign companies can play an integral part are: * Engineering services * Transportation and waste collection * Technical consulting * Performing feasibility studies * Landfill treatment * Composting technologies * Dumpsite treatment * Waste treatment plants * Operation and maintenance services * Biological waste treatment * Mechanical waste treatment * Sewage sludge treatment * Treatment and recycling